Buy Used Mini Cooper

2005 Mini Cooper Oil Changes

Mini Cooper oil change?

I have a 2005 Mini Cooper, the oil filter is covered by a 36mm cap, Where can i find the toold designed to fit in there? the ones at autozone are too tall to fit inside the engine bay.

A normal 36mm socket. Bought mine at Sears. Sometimes it takes a LOT of force to break the cap/seal loose, so think about a breaker bar on that socket, or at least some pipe over the end of the ratchet.

Once loose, unscrew it by hand, as once it begins to back out, there won't be room to take off the ratchet.

MINI Cooper Service Manual: 2002-2006 $109.95 APPLICATIONS: MINI Cooper Service Manual: 2002-2006 MANUAL CONTENTS: 1084 Pages, 1902 Photos, Illustrations and Diagrams The MINI Cooper Service Manual: 2002-2006 is a comprehensive source of service information and specifications for MINI Cooper models from 2002 to 2006. This manual supersedes our previous 2002-2004 manual with two more model years of coverage, including new repair information for the convertible and the 2005 facelift. The manual also includes coverage of the Cooper S models. The aim throughout this manual has been simplicity, clarity and completeness, with practical explanations, step-by-step procedures and accurate specifications. Whether you're a professional or a do-it-yourself MINI owner, this manual will help you understand, care for and repair your car. Though the do-it-yourself MINI owner will find this manual indispensable as a source of detailed maintenance and repair information, the owner who has no intention of working on his or her car will find that reading and owning this manual will make it possible to discuss repairs more intelligently with a professional technician. Models and Engines Covered: Cooper: 1.6 liter normally aspirated engine Cooper S: 1.6 liter supercharged engine Transmissions Covered: Cooper: Manual 5-speed transmission (Midlands, Getrag) Cooper: Automatic continuously variable transmission (CVT) Cooper S: Manual 6-speed transmission (Getrag) Cooper S: Automatic with Agitronic (Aisin)   Technical editor photographing a MINI Cooper S in the Bentley Publishers workshop. Measuring camshaft axial play. Locate difficult-to-find fuses.   Technical Highlights: Procedures for everything from basic oil change service to interpreting the malfunction indicator light (MIL). This manual tells you what to do and how and when to do it. Engine and cylinder head service, including camshaft timing chain setup and adjustment. Information for specific driveability problems, including explanation of the engine management system and OBD II diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) Theory of operation and repair information for the EMS2000 engine management system. Supercharger and intercooler information, including component removal and replacement (Cooper S). Drivetrain maintenance, including troubleshooting, adjustment and repair of clutch, gearshift linkage and drive axles. Manual and automatic transmission removal, installation, seal replacement and external service. System description and repair information for Antilock Brakes (ABS), Automatic Stability Control (ASC) and Dynamic Stability Control (DSC). Heating and air conditioning repair (IHKS / IHKA), including component replacement. Body adjustments and repairs, including sunroof and convertible. Wiring schematics and extensive electrical component section specifying relay, control module and ground locations with detailed illustrations and photos.  

2005 Mini Cooper WeatherTech Floor Mats $83.94 2005 Mini Cooper WeatherTech All-Weather Floor Mats. WeatherTech Floor Mats Features - Order with confidence! AutoAnything is an authorized WeatherTech dealer. With us you get the genuine factory product, plus full manufacturer warranty & support. WeatherTech Floor Mats offer excellent coverage in all seasons. Available in 3 colors: Black, Tan and Grey. Sold in the right size for your vehicle's floors. Easy to trim yourself for a more customized fit. WeatherTech Floor Mats, Weathertech Mats - 1,400+ Reviews. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 WeatherTech Floor Mats & Liners shop online today. The WeatherTech Floor Mats, Weathertech Mats - 1,400+ Reviews will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini All-Weather Floor Mats by WeatherTech - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. WeatherTech Floor Mats for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! WeatherTech Floor Mats - 2005 Mini Cooper - Floor Mats & Liners - All-Weather Floor Mats.

2005 Mini Cooper Sherwood Innovations Dash Kits $162.62 2005 Mini Cooper Sherwood Innovations Wood Dash Kits. Sherwood Innovations Dash Kits Features - Available in an array of colors and finishes, call to order a free sample swatch. Sherwood Innovations Dash Kits install with a minimum of fuss, and require no modification to your interior. Dash kits are custom made for your vehicle. Backed with 3M automotive adhesive. All instructions and materials needed to make the install a snap are included-Download installation instructions (PDF). Sherwood Dash Kits - Sherwood Molded and Flat Dash Trim Kits. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 Sherwood Innovations Dash Kits shop online today. The Sherwood Dash Kits - Sherwood Molded and Flat Dash Trim Kits will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Wood Dash Kits by Sherwood Innovations - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Sherwood Innovations Dash Kits for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Sherwood Innovations Dash Kits - 2005 Mini Cooper - Dash Kits - Wood Dash Kits.

2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend Tweed Seat Covers $238.74 2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend Auto Accessories Canvas Seat Covers. CalTrend Tweed Seat Covers Features - Protect and beautify your interiors with sporty protection and style. Cal Trend makes your covers to order-no one-size-fits-all covers. Tweed weave adds sophistication and refinement to your seats. Precision, computer-cut patterns make for a custom fit. Made from top-quality tweed weave-stands up to excessive wear. CalTrend Tweed Seat Cover, Cal Trend Tweed Car Seat Covers - Videos, Installations & Reviews. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 CalTrend Auto Accessories Seat Covers shop online today. The CalTrend Tweed Seat Cover, Cal Trend Tweed Car Seat Covers - Videos, Installations & Reviews will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Canvas Seat Covers by CalTrend Auto Accessories - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. CalTrend Tweed Seat Covers for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! CalTrend Tweed Seat Covers - 2005 Mini Cooper - Seat Covers - Canvas Seat Covers.

2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend NeoSupreme Seat Covers $238.74 2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend Auto Accessories Neoprene Seat Covers. CalTrend NeoSupreme Seat Covers Features - The wetsuit-like fit delivers supreme protection and style. CalTrend makes your covers to order-no one-size-fits-all covers. Precision-patterns give your covers a tight, snug fit. Crafted from soft, yet rugged nylon-bonded neoprene for comfort and durability. Reinforced seams and UV-treated fabric offer fade resistance and extra-strength. Cal Trend NeoSupreme Seat Covers - 225+ Reviews - Custom Fit Neoprene Car Seat Cover Videos & Installation Guides. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 CalTrend Auto Accessories Seat Covers shop online today. The Cal Trend NeoSupreme Seat Covers - 225+ Reviews - Custom Fit Neoprene Car Seat Cover Videos & Installation Guides will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Neoprene Seat Covers by CalTrend Auto Accessories - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. CalTrend NeoSupreme Seat Covers for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! CalTrend NeoSupreme Seat Covers - 2005 Mini Cooper - Seat Covers - Neoprene Seat Covers.

2005 Mini Cooper Coverking Leatherette Seat Covers $374.99 2005 Mini Cooper Coverking Leather Seat Covers. Coverking Leatherette Seat Covers Features - Treat your seats to the rich look and feel of real leather without the high cost. Coverking Leatherette seat covers are made to order-no ill-fitting bargain covers here. Precision-CAD patterns make for a snug fit that rivals the factory original. High-grade vinyl fabric resists UV damage, stains, mildew and rot. Available for first, second and third row seats (depending on vehicle). Coverking Leather Seat Covers, Coverking Leatherette Car Seat Cover. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 Coverking Seat Covers shop online today. The Coverking Leather Seat Covers, Coverking Leatherette Car Seat Cover will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Leather Seat Covers by Coverking - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Coverking Leatherette Seat Covers for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Coverking Leatherette Seat Covers - 2005 Mini Cooper - Seat Covers - Leather Seat Covers.

2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend Camouflage Seat Covers $238.74 2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend Auto Accessories Camo Seat Covers. CalTrend Camouflage Seat Covers Features - Perfect for hunting, fishing, special ops and outdoor action. Precision, computer-cut patterns make for a custom fit. Made from ultra-tough camouflage print fabric. Reinforced seams and UV-treated fabric for fade resistance and extra-strength. Heavy-duty canvas- like fabric and reinforced seams deliver long-lasting wear and protection. Cal Trend Camouflage Seat Covers, Camo Seat Covers, Custom Camo Seat Covers for Trucks - Videos, Installations & Reviews. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 CalTrend Auto Accessories Seat Covers shop online today. The Cal Trend Camouflage Seat Covers, Camo Seat Covers, Custom Camo Seat Covers for Trucks - Videos, Installations & Reviews will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Camo Seat Covers by CalTrend Auto Accessories - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. CalTrend Camouflage Seat Covers for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! CalTrend Camouflage Seat Covers - 2005 Mini Cooper - Seat Covers - Camo Seat Covers.

2005 Mini Cooper Coverking Ballistic Seat Covers $224.99 2005 Mini Cooper Coverking Canvas Seat Covers. Coverking Ballistic Seat Covers Features - Heavy-duty Ballistic seat covers handle kids, pets, job sites and action adventures with ease. Crafted from Cordura-Ballistic fabric for maximum durability. Treated fabric resists UV damage, stains, mildew and rot. Available for first, second and third row seats (depending on vehicle). Easy to install-quality designs make for a quick fit with no tools needed. Coverking Ballistic Seat Covers, Coverking Ballistic Car & Truck Seat Cover. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 Coverking Seat Covers shop online today. The Coverking Ballistic Seat Covers, Coverking Ballistic Car & Truck Seat Cover will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Canvas Seat Covers by Coverking - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Coverking Ballistic Seat Covers for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Coverking Ballistic Seat Covers - 2005 Mini Cooper - Seat Covers - Canvas Seat Covers.

2005 Mini Cooper Coverking Neoprene Seat Covers $299.94 2005 Mini Cooper Coverking Neoprene Seat Covers. Coverking Neoprene Seat Covers Features - Wrap your seats with the colorful surf style of genuine neoprene. Coverking custom seat covers are made to order-no ill-fitting bargain covers here. Precision-CAD patterns make for a snug fit that rivals the factory original. Crafted from neoprene material for maximum style and durability. Treated fabric resists UV damage, stains, mildew and rot. Coverking Neoprene Seat Covers, Coverking Custom Neoprene Seat Covers for Cars, Trucks & SUV's. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 Coverking Seat Covers shop online today. The Coverking Neoprene Seat Covers, Coverking Custom Neoprene Seat Covers for Cars, Trucks & SUV's will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Neoprene Seat Covers by Coverking - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Coverking Neoprene Seat Covers for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Coverking Neoprene Seat Covers - 2005 Mini Cooper - Seat Covers - Neoprene Seat Covers.

2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend Leather Seat Covers $479.94 2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend Auto Accessories Leather Seat Covers. CalTrend Leather Seat Covers Features - Protect, beautify and stylize your interior with genuine leather seat covers. Great-looking, inexpensive alternative to factory leather. Precision, computer-cut patterns make for a custom fit. Crafted from top-grade leather on the seating surface-matching vinyl on sides and back. Reinforced seams for extra-strength. Leather Car Seat Covers, Cal Trend Leather Seat Covers - Videos, Installations & Reviews. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 CalTrend Auto Accessories Seat Covers shop online today. The Leather Car Seat Covers, Cal Trend Leather Seat Covers - Videos, Installations & Reviews will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Leather Seat Covers by CalTrend Auto Accessories - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. CalTrend Leather Seat Covers for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! CalTrend Leather Seat Covers - 2005 Mini Cooper - Seat Covers - Leather Seat Covers.

2005 Mini Cooper Roto-Tech Brake Rotors $95.94 2005 Mini Cooper Roto-Tech Brake Rotors. Roto-Tech Brake Rotors Features - Maximum braking performance for spirited motoring and daily driving. Crafted for your specific year, make and model vehicle. Curved slots deglaze pads to minimize brake fade and dust. Cross-drilled holes reduce heat and degas brake pads for added control. Machined to meet O.E. specs which makes for an easy installation. RotoTech Slotted Rotors, Roto-Tech Drilled Rotors, Roto Tech Brake Discs. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 Roto-Tech Brakes & Brake Pads shop online today. The RotoTech Slotted Rotors, Roto-Tech Drilled Rotors, Roto Tech Brake Discs will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Brake Rotors by Roto-Tech - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Roto-Tech Brake Rotors for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Roto-Tech Brake Rotors - 2005 Mini Cooper - Brakes & Brake Pads - Brake Rotors.

2005 Mini Cooper Covercraft Premier Floor Mats $101.74 2005 Mini Cooper Covercraft Carpet Floor Mats. Covercraft Premier Floor Mats Features - Order with confidence! AutoAnything is an authorized Covercraft dealer. With us you get the genuine factory product, plus full manufacturer warranty & support. Keep your carpets free from grit and grime with Covercraft Premier Floor Mats. Made from a durable nylon pile. Precision stitched edging offers extra protection against wear and tear. Consists of an 18oz. nylon face and 80 oz. heavy nibbed non-slip rubber backing. Covercraft Premier Floor Mats - Best Price on Covercraft Carpet Floor Mats for Cars, Trucks & SUV. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 Covercraft Floor Mats & Liners shop online today. The Covercraft Premier Floor Mats - Best Price on Covercraft Carpet Floor Mats for Cars, Trucks & SUV will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Carpet Floor Mats by Covercraft - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Covercraft Premier Floor Mats for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Covercraft Premier Floor Mats - 2005 Mini Cooper - Floor Mats & Liners - Carpet Floor Mats.

2005 Mini Cooper Kuda Mounting Base $87.54 2005 Mini Cooper Kuda Mounts Mobile Electronics Holders. Kuda Mounting Base Features - Park your iPod, PDA, GPS, cell phone and more right on their own personal podium with the Kuda Mounting Base. Completely custom-made, your Kuda Mounting Base is contoured for an integrated fit on your dash or console. The flat face of your Kuda Mounting Base holds any of Kuda's numerous device-carrying cradles. Trimmed in luxurious leather that's wrapped over a strong polyester shell. Most Kuda Mounting Bases are available in a wide range of colors to match your interior. Kuda Mounting Base - iPod, PDA, GPS & Cell Phone Car Mounting Base. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 Kuda Mounts Mobile Electronics shop online today. The Kuda Mounting Base - iPod, PDA, GPS & Cell Phone Car Mounting Base will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Mobile Electronics Holders by Kuda Mounts - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Kuda Mounting Base for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Kuda Mounting Base - 2005 Mini Cooper - Mobile Electronics - Mobile Electronics Holders.

2005 Mini Cooper Coverking Velour Seat Covers $299.99 2005 Mini Cooper Coverking Velour Seat Covers. Coverking Velour Seat Covers Features - Wrap your seats with luxurious-to-the-touch, yet durable Velour-perfect for luxury vehicles. Coverking Velour seat covers are made to order-no ill-fitting bargain covers here. Precision-CAD patterns make for a snug fit that rivals the factory original. Treated fabric resists UV damage, stains, mildew and rot. Available for first, second and third row seats (depending on vehicle). Coverking Velour Seat Covers, Coverking Velour Car Seat Cover. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 Coverking Seat Covers shop online today. The Coverking Velour Seat Covers, Coverking Velour Car Seat Cover will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Velour Seat Covers by Coverking - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Coverking Velour Seat Covers for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Coverking Velour Seat Covers - 2005 Mini Cooper - Seat Covers - Velour Seat Covers.

2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend Velour Seat Covers $238.74 2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend Auto Accessories Velour Seat Covers. CalTrend Velour Seat Covers Features - Precision, computer-cut patterns ensure a custom fit over your vehicle's seats. Made from top-quality oxford velour fabric for premium comfort and durability. Reinforced seams and UV-treated fabric for extra-strength and fade-resistance. Body contact points are lined with foam for extra driving comfort. Easy to install with hooking straps and cords. Cal Trend Velour Seat Covers - Videos, Installations & Reviews. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 CalTrend Auto Accessories Seat Covers shop online today. The Cal Trend Velour Seat Covers - Videos, Installations & Reviews will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Velour Seat Covers by CalTrend Auto Accessories - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. CalTrend Velour Seat Covers for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! CalTrend Velour Seat Covers - 2005 Mini Cooper - Seat Covers - Velour Seat Covers.

2005 Mini Cooper B&I Dash Kits $209.94 2005 Mini Cooper B&I Wood Dash Kits. B&I Dash Kits Features - B&I Dash Kits deck-out your interior with premium dash trim goodness. Available in main kits, deluxe kits, door trim upgrades, overhead console trim and more. B&I Dash Kits come in 19 stunning wood, carbon fiber and specialty finishes. Also available in special factory match materials for expanding original wood dashes. B&I Dash Kits are custom-cut to fit your interior's wood-starved areas. B&I Wood Dash Kits, B & I Dash Kit. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 B&I Dash Kits shop online today. The B&I Wood Dash Kits, B & I Dash Kit will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Wood Dash Kits by B&I - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. B&I Dash Kits for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! B&I Dash Kits - 2005 Mini Cooper - Dash Kits - Wood Dash Kits.

2005 Mini Cooper Lloyd Luxe Floor Mats $169.2 2005 Mini Cooper Lloyd Mats Carpet Floor Mats. Lloyd Luxe Floor Mats Features - Luxe Floor Mats by Lloyd Mats are custom-designed to fit your vehicle. Crafted from stain-resistant, 48oz. nylon, Luxe Floor Mats are the ideal balance between heavy-duty and soft. Treated with Scotchgard® to resist dirt and stains. Cut to cover the most possible floor area-bigger than most factory mats. A great replacement for your original floor mats, they're three times the thickness of most factory mats. Lloyd Luxe Mats - 390+ Reviews on Lloyd Premium Carpeted Car Floor Mats. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 Lloyd Mats Floor Mats & Liners shop online today. The Lloyd Luxe Mats - 390+ Reviews on Lloyd Premium Carpeted Car Floor Mats will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Carpet Floor Mats by Lloyd Mats - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Lloyd Luxe Floor Mats for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Lloyd Luxe Floor Mats - 2005 Mini Cooper - Floor Mats & Liners - Carpet Floor Mats.

2005 Mini Cooper Kuda iPod Mounting System $189.95 2005 Mini Cooper Kuda Mounts Mobile Electronics Holders. Kuda iPod Mounting System Features - Give your iPod a never-ending battery life and a seat of honor with the Kuda iPod Mounting System. The 2-piece Kuda iPod Mounting System includes a DICE G2 DCR-50 cradle and a custom-made mounting base. The DICE G2 Cradle doesn't just hold your iPod or iPhone-it connects to any Made for iPod or Works with iPhone accessory for charging and audio streaming. The G2 Cradle's swivel base lets you adjust for the ideal viewing angle. Tailor-made for your vehicle's interior, the base of your Kuda iPod Mounting System blends in seamlessly with your console or dash. Kuda iPod Mounting System. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 Kuda Mounts Mobile Electronics shop online today. The Kuda iPod Mounting System will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Mobile Electronics Holders by Kuda Mounts - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Kuda iPod Mounting System for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Kuda iPod Mounting System - 2005 Mini Cooper - Mobile Electronics - Mobile Electronics Holders.

2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend EuroSport Seat Covers $238.74 2005 Mini Cooper CalTrend Auto Accessories Canvas Seat Covers. CalTrend EuroSport Seat Covers Features - Euro styling adds sophistication and refinement to your seats. Precision, computer-cut patterns make for a custom fit. Made from top-quality spacer-knit fabric-high breathability for added comfort. Reinforced seams and UV-treated fabric for fade resistance and extra-strength. Body contact points are lined with foam for extra driving comfort. Cal Trend EuroSport Seat Covers - Videos, Installations & Reviews. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2005 CalTrend Auto Accessories Seat Covers shop online today. The Cal Trend EuroSport Seat Covers - Videos, Installations & Reviews will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Canvas Seat Covers by CalTrend Auto Accessories - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. CalTrend EuroSport Seat Covers for your 05 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! CalTrend EuroSport Seat Covers - 2005 Mini Cooper - Seat Covers - Canvas Seat Covers.

2002-2008 Mini Cooper Oil Filter Hengst Mini Oil Filter W0133-1635712 $9.95 strong hengst cartridge oil filter /strong br br hengst oil filters effectively clean the circulating oil of dust metal particles soot particles and miscellaneous contaminants. only clean oil reaches the lubrication and bearing points. hengst oil filters are also characterized by resistance to high temperatures extreme mechanical long-term stability against sudden changes in pressure and resistance to aggressive components in the oil thereby fully satisfying the ever-evolving demands for use in advanced modern engines. br br only the latest generation of filter media are used with added synthetic fibers impregnation and high filtration grades with a large dirt-holding capacity. additional characteristics are high-quality seals and gaskets as well as a secure and reliable connection between the seal end cap and filter paper. br br strong canister type oil filter kit /strong br the canister type oil filter kits are part of hengst rsquo s environmentally friendly and easy-to-service energetic reg nbsp concept. for service only the filter insert needs to be replaced. the valves screw-on cover and the aluminum housing that contains the oil filter insert remain on the engine block for their entire service life. br br unscrewing the cap opens the automatic drain valve and the dirty oil flows through a separate channel directly into the oil pan. the clipped-on filter insert is then extracted from the housing quickly and easily without the service technician ever having to come into contact with the oil. br br the filter inserts are characterized by high filtration grades and operational reliability. long service intervals significantly reduce service costs. the use of recycled materials also makes it possible to dispose of the pure-grade filter inserts economically and ecologically by incineration. br br ul li resistant to high temperatures. /li li extreme mechanical long-term stability against sudden changes in pressure. /li li only the latest generation of filter media is used with added synthetic fibers impregnation and high filtration grades with a large dirt-holding capacity. /li li high-quality seals and gaskets as well as a secure and reliable connection between the seal end cap and filter paper. /li /ul high-quality hengst oil filters guarantee a supply of clean oil under all operating conditions thereby creating the basic conditions for optimum engine performance and operational reliability with longer and longer service intervals. br br strong warranty information: /strong 12 month - 12 000 mile limited warranty against defects in material and workmanship. br br hr . auto parts warehouse has extensive hengst oil filter catalogs.we are now offering free shipping on all hengst oil filter orders over $50.00. our secure hengst oil filter catalog is available every hour of everyday. shop with confidence for all your hengst oil filter needs. hengst oil filter are in stock and available today. save upto 60% off

2005 MINI Cooper

Analysis of Governance Issues in the Energy Market in Sierra Leone

Context of Sierra Leone’s Energy Policy

In December 2004, a UNECA sponsored study conducted by CEMMATS Group Ltd., a local consulting firm, involved various stakeholders in the sector to formulate an energy policy. The CEMMAT’s energy agenda for Sierra Leone in terms of policy and management represents an important set of tools that basically encapsulates a multi-disciplinary structure bringing together sectors of the energy community – the Ministry of Energy and Power (MEP), the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MAFS), Presidential Petroleum Commission, and the Ministry of Mineral Resources (MMR). These line Ministries of relevance to the energy agenda, where their various roles are being specified, have dominated the development of the country’s energy policy. The basic premise of this multi-disciplinary structure is that it is crucial for the effective and efficient coordination of the management of the country’s indigenous energy resources.  Nonetheless, it sounds as though it would be impossible to coordinate these so many organizations in a country with a history of corruption and mismanagement. But it is not unusual to have various Ministries working in coordination to achieve national development objectives. Besides, the specific tasks and methods of operation that influence the ability of these Ministries to create the enabling environment for private interests to ably conduct value added commercial activities with the country’s energy resources are defined.

This structure, for instance, places the Ministry of Energy Power in a central position as the governmental authority responsible for the electricity and water sectors and its mandates includes sector policy formulation, sector planning and coordination. The Ministry is supported by the Office of the Permanent Secretary, the Water Supply Division (WSD), the Radiation Protection Unit, and the National Energy & Water Policy, Planning, and Coordination Unit (NEWPPCU). Under the Ministry’s purview as well is handling matters related to electrical power supply, including that from hydroelectric schemes and, nominally renewable energy matters related to solar and wind energy through the utilities companies - the National Power Authority (NPA)/Bo-Kenema Power Services (BKPS); the Guma Valley Water Company (GVWC); the Sierra Leone Water Company (SALWACO); and the Bumbuna Hydroelectric Project (BHP).

The roles of other Ministries are limited to handling petroleum marketing sales under the purview of the Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Finance; biomass issues (plant and animal-derived matter) especially fuel wood handled by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MAFS); and the extraction of minerals, including energy related minerals like coal and ore dealt with by the Ministry of Mineral Resources (MMR).

The energy sector maintains this organizational structure to develop and implement inter-disciplinary energy-related policies. The functions of these various Ministries and other authorities as they relate to their responsibilities for various energy resources are outlined in the relevant Acts of Parliament (accessible via government gazettes) and pertinent regulations. Some of the relevant Acts include the NPA Act, 1982; the NPA (Amendment) Act, 2005; Forestry Act, 1998; and the Petroleum Act, 2002. There is also the draft energy policy document prepared by CEMMATS which is yet to be adopted. The policy document has been formulated in the context of standard economic, social and environmental policies; mindful as well of the nature and linkages of the energy sector with other sectors; and the international and regional linkages of the sector.

Furthermore, finding efficiency and economic value, from an international investor's perspective, within a system of such complicated oversight is made less complicated with “the Sierra Leone Export Development and Investment Corporation (SLEDIC), a statutory body established by section 2 of the SLEDIC Act, 1993, with the primary objective of facilitating the registration of business enterprises; assisting investors in obtaining permits, licenses, certificates or clearances, as the case may be, needed for the commencement of business; providing information to potential investors on matters relating to investment; and assisting potential investors in identifying joint venture partners in Sierra Leone”. The priority investment areas SLEDIC is promoting thus include:

·         Energy and power sector (independent power providers)

·         Agriculture and Agro-Processing

·         Mining Sector (Kimberlite Mining)

·         Petroleum Exploration and Exploitation

·         Privatization of state-owned enterprises

·         Establishment and development of Export Processing Zone (EPZ)

·         Infrastructure (Railway, Roads, Telecommunication, Water Supply) etc.

Energy Outlook

Sierra Leone is far down the under-exploited curve in terms of its energy endowment. The fact is, there are untapped energy resources, that the nation needs these resources, and that the energy industry can coordinate the exploitation of these resources with less environmental impact. Sierra Leone’s indigenous energy resources of a renewable nature which include biomass, solar, wind and hydropower has the potential to provide opportunities for Sierra Leonean households at all levels. The country’s biomass volume is about 656,000 tons of crop wastes. It has an annual energy potential of 2,700 GWh that can be exploited for cooking, lighting and some power applications. A commercially viable biomass supply therefore exists but discussion about biomass facilities has not attracted much discussion and promotion by the government. The Government of Sierra Leone has not seriously addressed energy, fuel and water efficiency in all sectors of economic activity, and has not industrialized capacities for optimal use of natural resources for sustainable biomass (unicellular-energy crops-residues-waste). But notwithstanding its lack of interest in bio-prospecting, the government is not going to stand in the way if traditional biomass firms in Europe and the United States are interested in developing this potential in Sierra Leone.

The country also has a solar radiation potential of between 1460 kWh/m2/yr and 1800 kWh/m2/yr annually. This can be exploited for lighting and water pumping, among other applications. These resources provide an intriguing glimpse of a nation that might have had a sustainable supply of power and profitable exploitation of its promising energy resources, had energy efficiency remained a core value of the country after independence. The goal for sustained economic growth and development should be seen in terms of managing the full utilization of these resources.

The hydro potential in the country has also been an epic story. The network of rivers in the country provides an opportunity for hydroelectricity with over 21 sites already identified as capable of producing potential hydro power. The conservatively estimated output at 1,200MW, recorded in the 1996 Power Sector Master Plan by Lahmeyer International, is necessitated by the country’s extensive network of rivers and tributaries. The completion of the current Bumbuna project (Phase I capacity 50 MW, total capacity 275 MW) and the envisaged Bekongor project (Bekongor III capacity 85 MW, total capacity 200 MW) – two of the many large projects that are economically exploitable – is good for the development of the country and for Sierra Leone jobs. But the political will has to be there to get the Bumbuna project to 100% completion. There is also the need to create the supporting environment for private companies to invest in mini-hydro, or "run-of-the-river" hydro power stations. The Bumbuna project, which “can eventually become the backbone of a national grid, has the potential to make a substantial positive impact on the national electricity supply” (CEMMAT Policy Document, 2004).

In terms of power infrastructure, the national power stations in the major cities and towns, which are really a collection of regional power stations, needs both new infrastructure and new ideas. “Most of the provincial stations and networks are in a state of total disrepair.  The cost required to get them back to their pre-1994 levels is estimated at Euro 13 million” (CEMMAT Policy Document, 2004). The Bo-Kenema Power Services (BKPS) which has a mixed hydro-thermal operation capacities of 5MW and 4MW at Bo and Dodo (Kenema) respectively faces the same management problems with its commercial operations as NPA. Rural electricity supply is non-existent. A new electricity policy is overdue, though the specifics matter, the CEMMATS draft on energy policy is instructive in this respect.

There are fairly quantified fossil fuels (hydrocarbons) with commercial value in Sierra Leone. These include significant ignite deposits and crude oil which have not been exploited.  These fossil resources have not been properly assessed to determine their potential value for practical and profitable exploration.  Though previous administrations had offered to sell concessions for prospecting for oil and other valuable mineral resources in the country, there had always been institutional secrecy surrounding the potential existence of oil as a source of wealth creation for Sierra Leone. “The location, extent, and quality of the find have remained a subject of uninformed speculation, intense curiosity, and often-wild conjecture.  It is a state of affairs to which both official secrecy and the lack of transparency in the conduct of public affairs in Sierra Leone have largely contributed” (Focus Sierra Leone). The Petroleum Resources Unit, under the authority of the current President and headed by a Director–General continues to oversee the possibilities of exploration of these petroleum resources especially with European and/or American investment companies. It is the position of the government of President Koroma that whatever economic benefits that are attached to the exploration of fossil fuels should be in the interest of national development.

Good governance groups and the masses roundly criticized previous administrations for inadequate measures on energy supplies in the country. Previous administrations failed to put real dollars in the energy sector where they would have had a direct impact on advancing adequate and sustainable supply of electricity in the country. More opportunities could also have been created to effectively support other forms of renewable energy.  All in all, the energy potential is undoubtedly great. But more emphasis has to be placed on a more investment-friendly energy policy, particularly on opening the energy market to huge capital investments and broadening incentives for investment.  The reality is, there is the need (the market) for more domestic energy and more imported energy.

The best talents in the energy industry have to be accessed and retained to coordinate and efficiently manage an A+ energy program for Sierra Leone. The country needs a balance of vision in the form of a grand strategy to curtail the difficulties the country faces with commercial energy supplies, particularly electricity supply. Attainable short-, medium-, and long-term steps to get the country there have to be practically laid out. And while the grand strategy is being put in place, the government should not fail to connect energy to climate change. Global warming has proved to be as horrendous a global challenge as the War on Terror.

Capital Investment and the Energy Market

Certainly, one major factor for successful energy policy and management is financial resources. But the energy sector in Sierra Leone struggles with limited budgets and inadequate legislation that has not allowed for the growth of the energy sector, let alone provide a sustainable supply of electricity to the urban and rural consumers. Clearly, over the years, previous administrations were not in a position where they could afford to wisely invest or even create an enabling environment for foreign investments in the energy sector simply because of widespread corruption in public administration. The National Power Authority, for instance, has unpaid debts of Le23.4 billion and unpaid customer bills of Le16.2 billion as well as fuel bills to petroleum companies of Le8 billion. The utility authority also has a defective transmission and distribution system with 35% technical losses; and an electricity drop from 28MW from five diesel engines to 6MW from one diesel engine among other problems.

Other logistical challenges include the procurement, storage and transportation of petroleum products. “Sierra Leone is almost entirely dependent on imports for all its petroleum needs and machinery as well as spare parts” (CEMMAT Policy Document, 2004). Petroleum products are transported by road using tankers. The poor state of the roads exacerbates several problems with transportation.

In addition, increasing funds devoted to energy supply has only helped relatively little, given the impoverished state of the country. Sierra Leone does have a smaller Gross National Product (GNP) with amounts allocated to the sector way considerably less than investments made by countries with larger GNPs. However, it is not only the total amount of money from the GNP that counts, but also how that GNP allocation is supplemented by foreign direct investments and how such investments in the sector are spent.

Besides, it is possible for the government to find funds to support its energy sector. In 2001, for instance, the World Bank Group funds estimated at US$7.5 million were made available to the government of Sierra Leone under former President Ahmed Tejan Kabbah to buy a new engine to increase electricity capacity. But a used and poorly rebuilt 7.5 megawatts diesel engine was acquired.

And quite recently, “coinciding with the visit of the President of Sierra Leone to the UK, Douglas Alexander, the Secretary of State for International Development announced two programs of assistance to Sierra Leone totaling £36 million [– with] £20 million to support the building up of energy sector in Sierra Leone [that] should provide a sustainable electricity supply to the one million residents of Freetown and provide lighting and power for health centers, water pumping stations, colleges and police stations” (Press Release).

In view of all these possibilities, a perennial issue that must be addressed in order to build a sustainable capacity in the energy sector is a change of mentality in society and among decision-makers. “No capacity-building initiatives will succeed if governments and the public are not determined to change the situation” (Embo Reports).  Now there is hope with the new democratic dispensation. On assumption of office, President Koroma made a pronouncement that energy is his topmost priority. To a large extent, Koroma’s Government is therefore supportive of capital investment in the energy sector.  May be, what the Koroma administration also needs to do is to support a clear energy sector initiative in capacity building by addressing the problem of proper allocation of funds and managing a sustainable energy supply mechanism.

The strategy already being pursued by the Koroma administration which is the actualization of an “energy stimulus plan” for Freetown and the entire country is commendable. A Presidential Emergency Task Force has been created to oversee the increase of electricity capacity in the country. Measures have also been taken to involve private interests in the energy sector. Two 48MW independent power producer (IPP) contracts with the Nigerian investment company Income Electrix and the US investment company DELAMORE have recently been signed by the Sierra Leone Government to add to the capacity of electricity supply. Income Electrix has already shipped equipment and mobilizing to commission a 10MW generator at Black Hall Road to supply electricity to the east part of Freetown. A Sierra Leone Government partnership with the Nigerian company Income Electrix is a good investment strategy for both countries.  Even though Nigeria’s focus on being a leading economy via its oil industry has its challenges, Nigeria’s share of global oil reserves is quite impressive. The challenge for Nigeria’s oil exploitation is not a scarcity of world-scale oil reservoirs, rather it is connecting those oil reserves to long-term customer commitments and the capital required to build oil refineries or multi-thousand mile pipelines. Nigeria’s oil reserves create a terrific opportunity to align and integrate with Africa, rather than holding Africa hostage to scarcity. A large part of any diplomacy with Nigeria should focus on helping Nigeria to see the benefits of such a relationship.

By and large, Sierra Leone’s energy “industry shows the potential to contribute as much as Le 46 billion (approximately US$ 16 million) annually to government revenue in terms of Excise Tax and Road Users Tax” (CEMMAT Policy Document, 2004). The potential is remarkable even when the demand for energy in the industrial and commercial sectors is mainly met by self auto-generation which has negative economic consequences.  Michael Conteh, resident technical consultant who is playing a coordinating role in the Ministry of Energy and Power and its relations to the other Ministries and utility companies as well as monitoring the power system and providing technical advice to the ministry has spoken quite reassuringly about the under-exploited state of Sierra Leone’s vast energy potential. According to his expert knowledge of the energy sector, “currently, there are no programs in the country for alternative energies. Sierra Leone’s energy mix is very limited. Apart from cooking that is about 95% dependent on biomass, Sierra Leone is almost 100% dependent on imported petroleum products and electricity for all its energy needs.” Again, restoring the operations of the Sierra Leone Petroleum Refinery Corporation (SLPRC) which has a distillation potential capacity of 700,000 metric tons has the possibilities of generating more revenue for the government. The corporation requires healthy investment to sustain its distillation capacity. Bringing together the five petroleum major foreign oil and oil services companies operating in the country namely Mobil, National Petroleum Company (NP), Safecon, Unipetrol and Leonoil, and/or other investors within the SLPRC is critical to revamp the refinery’s operations and to invigorate the market's future potential and stimulating the rise of alternatives.

Royalties Structure and the Costs of Corruption

The structure of energy royalties is spelt out in the Local Government Act, 2004 (Local Government Act, 2004). But Sierra Leone’s energy sector, with its multifaceted mix of public and private actors, has a bleak history of weak monitoring, low transparency, and inadequate civil service pay and benefits; and incentives for illicit gain are rife. The sector has the potential to generate significant cash transactions compared with other services and infrastructure sectors such as water and sanitation or use of roads. But the common forms of corruption plaguing the sector involves petty corruption which is prevalent at the interface with customers when bribes are paid to or demanded by meter readers or safety inspectors and illicit sale of fuel oils.  There are also many illegal connections by low-income as well as high-income households and commercial establishments. The aggregate impact of “petty corruption” may be far from petty because losses may amount to more than $10 million each year. Inadequate revenue collection and other corrupt practices lead to deteriorating service with frequent blackouts and supply interruptions.

The viability of the energy sector thus involves a strategic study of the complex systems of sustainable power supply and revenue collection. Governments can act decisively to deal with corruption in the energy sector—most involving privatization, competition, more transparent rules, and more disclosure. Reforms in the energy sector can be in the form of selling specific activities such as the energy distribution system using prepaid meters to strategic investors with a proven track record and a long-term interest in the business. The prepaid meter system currently piloted in Freetown has the potential to increase revenue collection and reduce corruption in the sector. About 2000 prepaid meters are currently in use. The government has contracted the Chinese investment company, the Sierra Leone Gouji Investment and Development, Ltd. for supply of 100,000 prepaid meters. “Chinese influence in the investment climate is growing steadily [superseding European and US investment] to the extent that a Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry was launched in 2005. The government has been supportive of Chinese investment initiatives, apparently because of many years of Chinese government assistance to Sierra Leone. The Bintumani Hotel, ravaged by invading rebels in 1999, is on lease for 25 years to Beijing Construction. The Chinese have transformed a former home for the displaced, the National Workshop, into a showpiece tractor-assembly plant [from which the Gouji prepaid meters being piloted in Freetown are also distributed]” (African Review of Business and Technology). Nevertheless, a new Sierra Leone under President Koroma is now open for business and the reforms in the energy sector the new administration is advancing include as well more transparent market rules and coordinating an independent regulatory body with more presidential oversight to oversee the efficient management of a more creative energy sector.

Opportunities

Efforts to address energy supply and coordination challenges should be placed in a large policy framework that addresses other social issues. More notably, such strategies should be part of policies designed to use modern and efficient energy services to achieve sustainable development goals.  Adequate resources ought to be made available for investment in oil exploration and development activities and there has to be investor-friendly legal and regulatory framework to attract oil exploration companies. There are issues of supply and storage limitations for various petroleum products and the necessity to re-launch refining operation in the country. And when clear and unified standards for operating retail outlets are also put in place, access to modern and efficient energy resources is ensured.

Guiding national research and development efforts to focus on these challenges will require extensive international cooperation, increases in energy sector funding and incentives for private enterprises. It will also take the creation of an atmosphere that is tolerant to the use of emerging technologies in implementing sustainable energy sector goals. Having a solid energy policy can be viewed as strategic to the country’s national interests.

Credit: Global Integrity Research Papers

About the Author

Kenday S. Kamara is a native of Sierra Leone, where he attended Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, 1982-1986. Kenday is an international development consultant in administration, policy development and capacity building. Kenday has consulted for VVMZ (a consulting firm based in Slovakia) as Administrator Expert for the 2007/2008 ACP-EU BizClim Microfinance Demand Survey (a project implemented for the National Commission for Social Action (NaCSA). Kenday is also consultant for Global Integrity – www.globalintegrity.org (an independent, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., tracking governance and corruption trends around the world) and Konesens Research, Inc. – www.konesens.com (a US-based global research and development consulting firm). Kenday is a Ph.D. scholar-practitioner in applied management and decision sciences at WaldenUniversity, specializing in leadership and organizational change. Kenday can be reached at kenday.kamara@waldenu.edu or via Skype at: medcallconsultants