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Dectane Mini R50/R53 Front Indicator-Set chrome $38 Data: from year '02 , Mini One, Cooper and Cooper S Model: chrome parking light (fiber optics) 1 set consisting of 2front indicators

2002-2011 Mini Cooper StopTech Street Performance Brake Pads $79.29 2002-2011 Mini Cooper StopTech Brake Pads. StopTech Street Performance Brake Pads Features - Order with confidence! AutoAnything is an authorized StopTech dealer. With us you get the genuine factory product, plus full manufacturer warranty & support. StopTech Street Performance Brake Pads are perfect for spirited street and light track use. High-temperature compound ensures consistent performance and even pad wear. Rotor-friendly low-dust formulation makes for cleaner wheels. Factory-style shims virtually eliminate pad-vibration noise. StopTech Brake Pads, StopTech Street Performance Brake Pads - Stoptech Brake Pad Reviews. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2002-2011 StopTech Brakes & Brake Pads shop online today. The StopTech Brake Pads, StopTech Street Performance Brake Pads - Stoptech Brake Pad Reviews will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Brake Pads by StopTech - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. StopTech Street Performance Brake Pads for your 11 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! StopTech Street Performance Brake Pads - 2002-2011 Mini Cooper - Brakes & Brake Pads - Brake Pads.

MINI Cooper Service Manual: 2002-2006 $109.95 APPLICATIONS: MINI Cooper Service Manual: 2002-2006 MANUAL CONTENTS: 1084 Pages, 1902 Photos, Illustrations and Diagrams The MINI Cooper Service Manual: 2002-2006 is a comprehensive source of service information and specifications for MINI Cooper models from 2002 to 2006. This manual supersedes our previous 2002-2004 manual with two more model years of coverage, including new repair information for the convertible and the 2005 facelift. The manual also includes coverage of the Cooper S models. The aim throughout this manual has been simplicity, clarity and completeness, with practical explanations, step-by-step procedures and accurate specifications. Whether you're a professional or a do-it-yourself MINI owner, this manual will help you understand, care for and repair your car. Though the do-it-yourself MINI owner will find this manual indispensable as a source of detailed maintenance and repair information, the owner who has no intention of working on his or her car will find that reading and owning this manual will make it possible to discuss repairs more intelligently with a professional technician. Models and Engines Covered: Cooper: 1.6 liter normally aspirated engine Cooper S: 1.6 liter supercharged engine Transmissions Covered: Cooper: Manual 5-speed transmission (Midlands, Getrag) Cooper: Automatic continuously variable transmission (CVT) Cooper S: Manual 6-speed transmission (Getrag) Cooper S: Automatic with Agitronic (Aisin)   Technical editor photographing a MINI Cooper S in the Bentley Publishers workshop. Measuring camshaft axial play. Locate difficult-to-find fuses.   Technical Highlights: Procedures for everything from basic oil change service to interpreting the malfunction indicator light (MIL). This manual tells you what to do and how and when to do it. Engine and cylinder head service, including camshaft timing chain setup and adjustment. Information for specific driveability problems, including explanation of the engine management system and OBD II diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) Theory of operation and repair information for the EMS2000 engine management system. Supercharger and intercooler information, including component removal and replacement (Cooper S). Drivetrain maintenance, including troubleshooting, adjustment and repair of clutch, gearshift linkage and drive axles. Manual and automatic transmission removal, installation, seal replacement and external service. System description and repair information for Antilock Brakes (ABS), Automatic Stability Control (ASC) and Dynamic Stability Control (DSC). Heating and air conditioning repair (IHKS / IHKA), including component replacement. Body adjustments and repairs, including sunroof and convertible. Wiring schematics and extensive electrical component section specifying relay, control module and ground locations with detailed illustrations and photos.  

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2002-2011 Mini Cooper Hawk HPS Brake Pads $95.94 2002-2011 Mini Cooper Hawk Brake Pads. Hawk HPS Brake Pads Features - Hawk HPS Brake Pads are custom-made for your specific year, make and model vehicle. With unmatched braking power and pad life, Hawk HPS Brake Pads eclipse standard and even other performance pad replacements by 20-40%. Hawk HPS Brake Pads employ a unique ferro-carbon composite pad material that offers a higher coefficient of friction, fights brake fade and is easy on your rotors. The ideal partner to a set of high performance rotors. Hawk HPS Brake Pads are low-dust and virtually noise-free. Hawk HPS Brake Pads - 300 Reviews - Hawk HPS Pads - Videos & Installations. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2002-2011 Hawk Brakes & Brake Pads shop online today. The Hawk HPS Brake Pads - 300 Reviews - Hawk HPS Pads - Videos & Installations will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Brake Pads by Hawk - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Hawk HPS Brake Pads for your 11 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Hawk HPS Brake Pads - 2002-2011 Mini Cooper - Brakes & Brake Pads - Brake Pads.

2002-2007 Mini Cooper Power Stop Brake Kit $230.34 2002-2007 Mini Cooper Power Stop Performance Brake Kits. Power Stop Brake Kit Features - Order with confidence! AutoAnything is an authorized Power Stop dealer. With us you get the genuine factory product, plus full manufacturer warranty & support. High-performance rotor & pad set delivers the big brake feel without the big brake price. Custom-matched components are engineered to work together for maximum performance. Pads & rotors crafted for your specific year, make & model vehicle. Kit includes high-performance ceramic brake pads and a complete set of cross-drilled & slotted rotors. Power Stop Brake Kit - 116 Reviews on Powerstop Rotors & Brake Pad Kit. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2002-2007 Power Stop Brakes & Brake Pads shop online today. The Power Stop Brake Kit - 116 Reviews on Powerstop Rotors & Brake Pad Kit will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Performance Brake Kits by Power Stop - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Power Stop Brake Kit for your 07 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Power Stop Brake Kit - 2002-2007 Mini Cooper - Brakes & Brake Pads - Performance Brake Kits.

2003-2006 Mini Cooper Russell Brake Lines $241.95 2003-2006 Mini Cooper Russell Brake Lines. Russell Brake Lines Features - Come to a commanding halt with Russell Brake Lines. Custom designed and pre-assembled to directly replace your stock brake lines with no modification needed. Expertly engineered for faster brake times and firmer pedal feel. Constructed from braided stainless steel to prevent expansion and pressure loss. Comes with corrosion-resistant zinc-plated fittings. Russell Brake Lines - Russell Performance Stainless Steel Brake Lines. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2003-2006 Russell Brakes & Brake Pads shop online today. The Russell Brake Lines - Russell Performance Stainless Steel Brake Lines will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Brake Lines by Russell - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Russell Brake Lines for your 06 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Russell Brake Lines - 2003-2006 Mini Cooper - Brakes & Brake Pads - Brake Lines.

2006 Mini Cooper Wellstar Chrome Light Trim OCP-FLRMIN04 Fog Light and Brake Light Covers $105.54 OCP-FLRMIN04 Wellstar Chrome Light Trim fits: 2002-2006 Mini Cooper. OCP-FLRMIN04 Wellstar Chrome Light Trim Features - Add some sophisticated flash to your factory lighting with Wellstar Chrome Light Trim. Wellstar custom sculpts their Chrome Light Trim for a perfect fit on your auto. Available in headlight, tail light and fog light trim for many cars, trucks and SUVs (select your vehicle to see options). Built tough from automotive-grade chrome-plated ABS. Wellstar Chrome Light Trim comes with pre-applied 3M adhesive tape for easy installation. Wellstar Chrome Headlight Trim, Wellstar Chrome Tail Light Bezel. Wellstar OCP-FLRMIN04.

2006 Mini Cooper Roto-Tech Brake Rotors $95.94 2006 Mini Cooper Roto-Tech Brake Rotors. Roto-Tech Brake Rotors Features - Maximum braking performance for spirited motoring and daily driving. Crafted for your specific year, make and model vehicle. Curved slots deglaze pads to minimize brake fade and dust. Cross-drilled holes reduce heat and degas brake pads for added control. Machined to meet O.E. specs which makes for an easy installation. RotoTech Slotted Rotors, Roto-Tech Drilled Rotors, Roto Tech Brake Discs. For the top selection of Mini Cooper 2006 Roto-Tech Brakes & Brake Pads shop online today. The RotoTech Slotted Rotors, Roto-Tech Drilled Rotors, Roto Tech Brake Discs will improve and personalize your vehicle. Mini Brake Rotors by Roto-Tech - selected by many auto enthusiasts in the top automotive discussion forums. Roto-Tech Brake Rotors for your 06 Mini Cooper will deliver the results you are looking for! Roto-Tech Brake Rotors - 2006 Mini Cooper - Brakes & Brake Pads - Brake Rotors.

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Mini Cooper Reset Service Indicator Procedure

How A Whiplash Injury Can Cause A Lifetime Of Pain And Disability

Whiplash injuries are not generally recognized as the serious, disabling injuries that they can be. Many times, the term “litigation neurosis’ is used to describe those who complain of persistent symptoms in what seems to be a minor accident. Many studies have been done to determine whether or not “litigation neurosis” (conscious or unconscious exaggeration or fabrication of complaints) plays a significant role in cervical acceleration/deceleration (CAD) cases (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) . These studies have found that litigation does play a significant role in the outcome of CAD traumas. In fact, recent research indicates that there is much more impact on the victim’s life for a much longer span of time than had been believed previously.

First, we must dispel the commonly held belief which equates the amount of damage to the vehicle with the degree of injury to its occupants. Actually, it is often the collision that causes minor damage to the vehicle that causes a great deal of injury to its occupants. To understand why this is so, we must understand the difference between elastic and plastic deformation of the vehicle.

Elastic deformation involves a momentary deformation of the steel, followed by a spring-like reaction back toward its original shape (10) . The energy of the collision is not absorbed, but acts in a way similar to that of a cue ball when it strikes another billiard ball. The cue ball (in this case the vehicle which strikes the other) stops. The other ball (the vehicle which is rear-ended) is rapidly accelerated. It is precisely this rapid acceleration that is the mechanism of injury.

Plastic deformation, on the other hand, is permanent. The energy of the collision is absorbed by the steel. It collapses in on itself and stays there. Plastic deformation is what happens when you smash two empty milk cartons together. The occupants of the car (and the auto body shop) want a plastic collision. The best cars “accordion” when hit, allowing the car to absorb the force (9). When the car does not absorb the force, its occupants do (9)

For the sake of simplicity let’s assume that the vehicle is an automobile with one occupant: a fifty year old female. She is stopped at a red light when another car hits her from behind at eight miles per hour (the speed which experimenters used to calculate the “G-force” of a rear-end collision (10)). Her foot is knocked off the brake (as often happens) and her car is rapidly accelerated forward.

First, she is thrown backward. If her head-restraint is properly adjusted or if she has a car seat which incorporates the head-restraint in its design (high-backed seat), her head will strike it. This limits hyperextension.  Often, however, the head-restraint is left in its lowest position. This causes it to act as a fulcrum, around which even greater injury occurs. Even if the~ head-restraint if adjusted properly, if the driver is leaning forward at the moment of impact (a common habit), the effect of the headrest will be decreased. (11))

Ramping is another phenomenon which must be taken into account. This is an upward motion toward the top of the seat which happens involuntarily upon impact (12) . If the driver is tall, ramping may negate the effect of the headrest altogether, since her head will be thrown over the top of the seat.

Once she has been pushed back into the seat, her direction reverses. Now, her chest and shoulders begin to move forward. (At this point, her head is still pressed backward.) Suddenly, her head whips forward. In an eight mile per hour collision, this force has been measured to be five (5) times the force of gravity (10)!  The shoulder harness, while saving her from serious head injuries, actually increases the likelihood of neck injuries by stopping the body - thereby increasing the relative speed of her head. (All of this takes place in approximately three tenths of a second. (10))

The force of impact goes beyond the tensile strength of the muscles and ligaments of the neck and back. These tissues are actually torn. Nerves can also be injured. Traction injuries of the nerve roots are common (especially when the victims head was turned at the moment of impact). Compression of nerve roots often follows disc injury. (The ~wol1en disc traps the soft nerve between it and the bone.) An inflammatory process ensues in all of the soft tissues. If the force is great enough, compression fractures of the bones can occur.

Concussion (even without the head striking anything) is common. Damage to the temporomandibular joint is another injury common to these accidents.

The degree of injury depends upon several factors:

1.         Was the vehicle stopped? If so, did the driver have her foot on the brake? Remember, rapid acceleration is the mechanism of injury. If the driver is stopped and manages to keep her foot on the brake, injury will be less than it would be if the car were able to rapidly accelerate (10) . (One could argue that, while the acceleration forces would be reduced, the deceleration forces would be increased, thus increasing injury during that phase of the collision.)

2.         Did the headrest properly support her neck? If she is very tall or did not have the headrest adjusted properly, “ramping’ may have negated the usefulness of that ordinarily useful device.

3.         Did she see the accident coming? Bracing in anticipation of a collision helps to protect the accident victim. The tensed shoulder and neck muscles decrease the acceleration of the head, thus somewhat limiting the extent of the injuries (10)

4.         What is the driver’s age? Our driver is fifty years old. Her reaction time ~is a bit slower than it used to be. Therefore, she may not have been able to brace herself for the injury. At age fifty, it is common to have some wear and tear (osteoarthritis) of the spinal structures. This could make her susceptible to extensive injury in an accident in which a twenty year old might suffer little or no ill

effects (12).

5.         What is the person’s sex? Our driver is a female. Females involved in this type of accident generally report injury more frequently than males. In part, this may be due to the fact that they do not feel compelled to “take it like a man”. There is also an anatomical reason for this increased risk. A woman’s musculature is, on the average, not as thick and, consequently, not as strong as that of a man. Therefore, a woman has less of an ability to brace herself (7,13,14).

6.         What are the relative masses of the two vehicles? Obviously, a bus will create more force than a “Cooper Mini”. Actually, a streetcar moving at 3 miles per hour will deliver the same amount of force as an compact sized automobile traveling at 40 (18) 1

7.         Did she have her seatbelt fastened? As said before, seatbelts save lives, but they increase the “whiplash” force (8)

8.         How rigid was the seat? A seat made of more “springy” material can act like a diving board and increase the force of the rebound the victim experiences after she is thrown back against it (10,15)

9.         Was she leaning forward when she was hit? Many drivers have the habit of leaning toward the steering wheel when they drive. As stated before, this diminishes the bracing effect of the head restraint (16)

10.        Did she have any prior conditions? Sometimes an accident victim will deny a prior condition on the mistaken belief that it will “hurt my case”. The truth is that a prior condition almost always increases the severity of the injury and may contribute to predisposing the victim to injury in an accident where, otherwise, she may have escaped unscathed (10)

11.        What were the road conditions? All other factors being equal, a collision on a wet road will cause more injury than a collision on a dry road. This is because the loss of traction will cause more rapid acceleration (8)

A recent study shows that 86% of those who had reported acceleration/deceleration injuries were still symptomatic ten years after the accident (17) Of these, l3% complained of serious disruption of their lives. Clearly, these injuries are serious and can cause significant disabilities.

References:

l)Norris SR. Watt I: The prognosis of neck injuries resulting from rear-end vehicle collisions. J Bone Joint Surg 56A(8) :1675-1682,1974

2)MacNab I:Acceleration injuries of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg 46A(8) : 1797-1799,1954

3)Schutt CH, OohanFC: Neck injury of women in auto accidents JAr’L 206 (12) :2689-2692,1968

4)Watkinson A, Gargan MG, Bannister GC: Prognostic factors in soft tissue injuries of the cervical spine. Injury: Brit J Accid Surg 22 (4) :307-309,1991

5)Bohrer SP, Cherr YM, Sayers DG: Cervical spine flexion patterns. Skeletal Radiol 19:521-525,1990

6)Maimarjs C, Barnes MR. Allen MJ: ‘Whiplash injuries’ of the neck: a retrospective study. Injury: Brit J Accid Surg 19(5): 393-396,1988

7)Hohl M: Soft tissue injuries of the neck in automobile accidents:  Factors influencing prognosis J Bone Joint Surg 56A(8) :1675-1682,1974

8)Foreman SR. Croft AC: Whiplash Inluries:  The Cervical Acce1eratjon/Deceleration Syndrome.  Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1988, p62

9)lbid, p67

10)Severy DM,Mathewson JH,Bectol CP: Controlled automobile rear-end collisions, an investigation of related engineering and mechanical phenomenon. Can Services Med J 11:727,1955

l1)Foreman SI-I, Croft AC: Idem, p63

l2)Ommaya A,Backaitj~j S,Fan W, Partyka S: Automotive neck injuries.  Ninth International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles,Us Dept of Trans,Nat Highway Traffic Safety Admin, Kyoto, Japan,Novl—4, 1982,pp274-278

13)Pearce JMS: Whiplash injury: a reappraisal J Neurol Neurosurgery Psychiatry 52:1329-1331,1989

14)Balla JI: the late whiplash syndrome. Aust NZ J Surg 50(6) :610-614,1980

15)Strother CE,James MB: Evaluation of seat back strength and seat belt effectiveness in rear-end impacts. In: Proceedings, 31st StrapQ Car Crash Conference SAE 8722l41Detroit,MI,Society Qf Automotive Engineers, 1987

16)Mertz HJ Jr, Patrick LM: Investigation of the kinematics and kinetics of whiplash. In: Proceedings, 11th Strapp Car Crash Conference SAE 67O919,Detroit,lvJI,gociety of Automotive, Engineers, 1967

l7)Gargan FF,Bannister GC: Long-term prognosis of soft-tissue injuries of the neck. J Bone Joint Surg 72B(5) :901-903

18)McNab I: Acceleration extension injuries of the cervical spine.  In Rothman RH, Simeone FA (eds): The Spine, ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders,1982, vol2 ,p654

About the Author

Dr. Anthony Galzarano graduated Life Chiropractic College (Magna Cum Laude) in 1981.  His practice, Wissahickon Chiropractic, is located in the Roxborough section of Philadelphia.